Worked example by condition

PIP answers for arthritis

Arthritis, whether rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, wears at the ordinary things: gripping a knife, standing at the hob, bending to the toilet, doing up buttons, walking to the corner. This page shows one honest way to describe those limits across all 12 PIP activities, in the plain first-person wording an assessor is trained to look for.

How arthritis affects a PIP claim

Arthritis is not one thing. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition where the immune system attacks the joints, often the hands, wrists and feet on both sides, with swelling, heat and long morning stiffness. Osteoarthritis is the wearing of the cartilage in weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees and spine, with pain that builds through the day and after activity. Many people have more than one form, and both can leave joints stiff, swollen, weak and painful.

On a PIP form the assessor is not scoring your diagnosis. They are scoring how the condition affects the everyday tasks in the two parts of the assessment, daily living and mobility. For arthritis the honest picture usually turns on a handful of recurring problems:

  • Joint pain and stiffness that makes gripping, twisting, bending and reaching slow and painful, and sometimes impossible.
  • Weak or unreliable grip, so a knife, a saucepan, a button or a tap can be dropped or cannot be turned at all.
  • Difficulty bending and reaching, which reaches into washing your back and feet, using the toilet, and putting on socks and shoes.
  • Morning stiffness that can lock the joints for an hour or more, so tasks that are just about possible by the afternoon cannot be done first thing.
  • Fatigue, especially with rheumatoid arthritis, where pushing through pain drains you and forces long rests.
  • Flares, days or weeks when a joint or the whole body is badly inflamed and even small tasks are beyond you.
  • Aids and help, from grab rails and a shower seat to a perching stool, a long-handled shoehorn, a sock aid and a raised toilet seat, plus help from another person when the aids are not enough.

The single idea that decides most arthritis claims is reliability. The rules say you can only be counted as able to do an activity if you can do it safely, to an acceptable standard, repeatedly and in a reasonable time, meaning no more than about twice as long as someone without your condition. Arthritis fails those tests often: you can chop a carrot once but drop the knife the second time, you can wash your hair but not reach your back, you can walk to the gate but not without stopping in pain, and first thing in the morning you cannot do any of it. Fluctuating conditions are judged on your worst and most common days, not your best. Good answers make those limits plain, and that is the thread running through every card below.

How your health condition affects youPIP2 · Q6
6. Washing and bathing
Does your condition affect you washing and bathing? (Put a cross in one box below)
✓ Yes
Tell us about the difficulties you have with washing and bathing and how you manage them.
Washing and bathing is one of the hardest parts of my day because of the arthritis in my hips, knees, shoulders and hands. I cannot get in and out of a normal bath safely, so I have had grab rails fitted and I use a shower seat, because standing in the shower makes my hips and knees give way and I am frightened of falling on the wet floor. Even sitting down, I cannot raise my arms far enough to wash my hair or reach across to wash my back, and I cannot bend or twist to wash my lower legs and feet, so those areas do not get properly clean unless someone helps me. Gripping the soap or a shampoo bottle is difficult because my fingers are stiff and weak, and I drop things. First thing in the morning the stiffness is so bad that I cannot manage washing at all and have to wait until later in the day. It takes me a long time and a lot of pain to wash even the parts I can reach. On my bad days, about four days a week, I need help to wash the parts of my body I cannot get to. Without the grab rails and shower seat I could not wash safely.
★ Suggested descriptor · b · 2 points
The grab rails and shower seat are aids you need to wash and bathe safely, which supports this descriptor; the help with your back and feet may point higher.
How your health condition affects youPIP2 · Q8
8. Dressing and undressing
Does your condition affect you dressing or undressing? (Put a cross in one box below)
✓ Yes
Tell us about the difficulties you have with dressing and undressing and how you manage them.
Getting dressed is slow and painful every day because of the arthritis in my hands, shoulders, hips and knees. The fine work defeats me: I cannot do up buttons or a zip because my fingers are too stiff and weak to pinch and pull, so I buy clothes with no fastenings or ones with Velcro, and I use a button hook when I have to. Reaching is the other problem. I cannot lift my arms high enough to pull a top over my head without my shoulders catching, and I cannot bend down to my feet, so putting on socks and shoes is almost impossible without help. I use a sock aid to get my socks on and a long-handled shoehorn for my shoes, and without them I would be stuck. Bending to pull trousers and underwear up over my hips is very painful and I have to sit down to do it. In the morning, when I am at my stiffest, I often cannot dress myself at all for the first hour and need someone to help me. Even with the aids it takes me far longer than it should, and on bad days, about four days a week, I need help with my lower half. I cannot dress reliably without these aids or help.
★ Suggested descriptor · b · 2 points
The sock aid, shoehorn and button hook are aids you need to dress; the help with your lower body on bad days may support a higher descriptor.
The other activities

What to cover for each one. Your paid form writes the full answers for you.

Q3

Preparing food

What to mention

Describe how a weak, unreliable grip makes chopping, peeling and lifting pans dangerous, and how you may manage once but drop the knife the second time. Mention any perching stool, adapted cutlery or lightweight pans, and any help you need. Explain that on stiff mornings or flare days you cannot cook safely at all, so the task is not done reliably or in a reasonable time.

Q4

Eating and drinking

What to mention

Explain that stiff, painful fingers struggle to hold cutlery or a full cup, so food gets cut up beforehand and hot drinks have been dropped or spilled. Mention aids such as a two-handled or lightweight cup and any built-up cutlery. Note that on bad days someone helps, and that spilling or dropping is a safety point worth making plain rather than glossing over.

Q5

Managing your treatments

What to mention

Describe how weak fingers cannot press tablets from blister packs or manage small bottle caps, so a pharmacy dosette box or blister pack is used. Mention any reminders or help you need to take medication and monitor a fluctuating condition on time. Explain that fatigue and flares can make you miss doses without support, which is the reliability point that matters here.

Q7

Using the toilet and managing incontinence

What to mention

Describe how painful hips and knees make lowering onto and rising from the toilet slow and unsafe, and how stiff hands and limited reach make cleaning yourself difficult. Mention aids such as a raised toilet seat, grab rails or a long-handled aid, and any help you rely on. Explain that first thing in the morning, when you are stiffest, you cannot manage safely without them.

Q9

Talking, listening and understanding

What to mention

Arthritis does not usually reach speech or hearing, so for most people this one is best left alone. What can count is arthritis in the jaw or neck that makes talking painful or hard to keep up, or strong painkillers that leave you too foggy to follow what is being said, so information has to be repeated or written down. Only answer yes here if one of those is genuinely true for you.

Q10

Reading

What to mention

This question is about taking in written information rather than about your hands, so arthritis usually does not reach it. What can count is pain, poor sleep or strong medication leaving you unable to concentrate well enough to take a letter in, so you go over the same lines and still need someone to explain it to you. If you read and understand your post without help, leave this one alone.

Q11

Mixing with other people

What to mention

This activity is about being able to be around other people, not about how often you get out. What can count is the low mood or anxiety that living with constant pain can bring, so that company causes real distress or you can only face it with someone you trust beside you. If you are comfortable in company and the barrier is simply getting there, put that under moving around or planning a journey instead.

Q12

Managing money

What to mention

Arthritis does not affect the sums themselves, so for most people money is not the issue here. What can count is pain or fatigue that stops you concentrating long enough to work out a budget or deal with a bill, or heavy painkillers that leave you muddled enough that someone else has to check your decisions. If you handle your own bills and budgeting, leave this one alone.

Q13

Planning and following a journey

What to mention

This question is about planning a route and coping with the journey itself, not about how far you can walk, so keep the distance under moving around. What can count is needing someone with you because you are frightened of falling or of being stranded when a joint gives way part of the way there, or anxiety that stops you setting off on an unfamiliar route at all. If you can plan and follow a journey and the only problem is the walking, leave this one alone.

Q14

Moving around

What to mention

Describe the distance you can walk before hip, knee or back pain stops you, and whether you use a stick or need to stop and rest. Mention how much slower and more painful walking is, and how far you can go repeatedly rather than just once. Explain that flares and bad days cut the distance further, so judge it on your worst and most common days, not your best.

Your own answers, for every activity

The tips above are general pointers. Your paid form gives you a full, ready-to-copy answer for all 12 activities, written from your exact conditions, medication, aids and bad days - not a general example. This is a worked example for arthritis; yours is written for you. £99.99 one-off.

How to use these answers

These cards show one honest way a person with arthritis might describe a bad day, so you can see the level of detail and the plain wording that assessors are trained to look for. They are here to learn from, not to copy word for word. Your own answers should describe your joints, your aids and the way arthritis actually affects your day, because that is what makes an answer ring true and that is what the assessment is about. If a task is easier or harder for you than the example, say so in your own words.

Arthritis is a physical condition and does not usually affect talking, reading, mixing with people, managing money or planning a route in your head, so it is honest to tick no on those unless there is a genuine link for you. Only claim a difficulty you really have, because an assessor will look for it to match the rest of your form and your medical records.

The remembering idea across all of it is reliability: safely, to an acceptable standard, repeatedly and in a reasonable time. If your grip fails the second time, if the stiffness stops you first thing, if a task takes you twice as long, or if you can only manage by risking a fall, that belongs on the form. The DWP always makes the final decision, but describing your worst and most common days accurately gives your form the strongest chance of being understood.

K
Karol Slusarczyk
Founder, FillMyPIP · t/a Benefits Expert · ICO:00014179042

I have spent years helping people describe their conditions accurately on PIP forms, and I built FillMyPIP from that experience. I wrote this arthritis example to show, honestly, the kind of detail and wording that helps an assessor understand a real day with stiff, painful joints. I am not a solicitor, a doctor or a DWP employee, and this is guidance, not legal or medical advice.

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